Molecular Genetics
Barklee Sanders
Genetic profile of Barklee Sanders based on 23andMe v5 genotyping, 83.9 million imputed variants, ancestry composition analysis, and DNA-confirmed family connections.
Ancestry Composition
Based on 9,222,709,200 bp covered
83.9M
Total Variants
75.8M
Estimated SNPs
8.1M
Estimated Indels
XY (Male)
Biological Sex
3,337 Y-chromosome markers extracted from raw genotype data. Three haplogroup-defining SNPs confirmed: M96 (haplogroup E), P147 (E-P147), and M2/SY81 (E1b1a). All major European haplogroups ruled out: R1b (M343 ancestral), R1a (M420 ancestral), I (M170 checked), J (M304 checked), N (M231 checked), Q (M242 checked). E1b1b (M35 ancestral) is also ruled out, eliminating the North African/Horn of Africa E sub-lineage. E1b1a originated at the Nigeria-Cameroon border approximately 5,800 years ago, coinciding with the Bantu language expansion. The E-M2 mutation itself arose approximately 39,200 years ago in West Africa. Ranked ethnic group probabilities based on convergence of Y-DNA, autosomal ancestry, Duffy-null status, and slave trade history: Tier 1 (Strong): Igbo (SE Nigeria), Yoruba (SW Nigeria), Kongo/Mbundu (Angola/Congo). Tier 2 (Moderate): Akan (Ghana), Mende/Temne (Sierra Leone), Ibibio/Efik (Nigeria). Tier 3 (Low): Wolof/Mandinka (Senegambia). The slave trade route for the King line most likely ran from the Bight of Biafra through Charleston, SC (48% of direct arrivals to mainland North America), then via the domestic slave trade to Alabama, South Carolina, and finally Florida. Terminal subclade cannot be resolved from 23andMe chip data; BigY-700 ($449) or E1b1a SNP pack ($119) would pinpoint the exact ethnic group.
Maternal (mitochondrial) haplogroup H — the most common mtDNA lineage in Western Europe (~40% of Europeans) and the dominant maternal signature of France and of the French-Canadian founder population of the St. Lawrence valley. This corrects an earlier automated T2b call: the phased whole genome and 23andMe DNA Relatives resolve Catherine's maternal biological line to the French-Canadian LALIBERTÉ family (indexed as 'Liberty' in New York records) of Clinton County, NY and Québec, for which haplogroup H is the expected maternal lineage. Haplogroup H expanded across Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum (~20,000 years ago) from an Iberian / Franco-Cantabrian refugium. This is consistent with (1) Catherine's European chromosome copy (~100% European across the X and autosomes) and (2) her autosomal ancestry of 24.8% French + 5.4% Irish. Resolving a precise H subclade would require dedicated mtDNA sequencing beyond the 23andMe genotyping chip.
Deep Ancestry — African & European Origins
Paternal Line — E1b1a (E-M2)
The King paternal Y-DNA traces back approximately 5,800 years to the Nigeria-Cameroon border, the Bantu homeland. The E-M2 mutation itself arose ~39,200 years ago in West Africa.
Most likely: Igbo, Yoruba, or Kongo/Mbundu
Historical hypotheses based on Y-DNA, autosomal ancestry, and slave trade patterns.
Confirmed SNPs
M96
Haplogroup E
P147
E-P147
M2
E1b1a
2.53% Indigenous American on the paternal side is consistent with a single Native American ancestor 5-6 generations back, possibly from Black Seminole interaction in Marion County FL (Fort King est. 1827, Ocala).
Deeper testing: BigY-700 ($449) or FTDNA E1b1a SNP pack ($119) would resolve the terminal subclade and pinpoint the exact ethnic group of origin.
Maternal Line — Haplogroup H
Catherine's maternal mtDNA is haplogroup H, the most common maternal lineage in Western Europe (~40% of Europeans) and the dominant maternal signature of France and the French-Canadian founder population. It is consistent with her biological maternal line, the French-Canadian Laliberté family. (This corrects an earlier automated T2b call.)
Copy 1 is 99.9% European across all autosomes. Catherine's biological parents were both predominantly European, consistent with her predominantly French (French-Canadian) ancestry.
Chromosome Painting
Each chromosome displayed as two horizontal bars (Copy 1 on top, Copy 2 on bottom), colored by ancestry. Based on 219 ancestry-assigned segments from 23andMe composition data (version 0.5). Chromosomes drawn to scale.
Variant Karyogram
Non-reference variant counts per chromosome, split by heterozygous and homozygous alternate calls. Higher bars indicate more genetic variation from the reference genome on that chromosome.
Non-reference variant counts per chromosome (thousands)
Phased Genotype Data
23andMe phased downloads separate chromosome copies. The one-parent export is dated November 2022. This project's earlier Duffy-based orientation does not verify which copy came from Catherine or Clarence Jr.; the named parent assignment remains unverified.
Genotyped SNPs
557,633
Directly measured positions on the 23andMe v5 chip (main phased file, excluding no-calls)
One-Parent Phased
534,444
Called SNPs in the one-parent phasing export (Nov 2022); named parent orientation is unverified
Reference Genome
GRCh37 (hg19)
Human genome reference build 37, used by 23andMe chip platform
Phasing Versions
4
One parental-informed phasing (2022) and two statistical phasings (2018, 2019), plus unphased raw
Chromosomes Covered
1-22, X
All autosomes and X chromosome; Y and MT handled separately via marker extraction
Parent Assignment
Unverified
The former Duffy ancestry anchor does not verify which chromosome copy belongs to a named parent
Phasing Versions
534,444 SNPs · 2022-11-08
Phased using a connected parent's genotype data. Most reliable for parent-of-origin assignment at heterozygous positions.
534,444 SNPs · 2019-08-18
Algorithmically phased using population-level haplotype patterns. Reliable for common haplotype blocks, less so for rare variants.
536,487 SNPs · 2018-08-22
Earlier statistical phasing with slightly more called SNPs (2,043 additional). Uses 2018-era reference panel.
557,633 SNPs · 2026-03-23
Full v5 chip positions including no-calls. 918,076 positions had no confident genotype call. Downloaded 2026-03-23.
Phased Allele Copies
These are the retained allele pairs, with named parent labels removed. Copy 1 and Copy 2 are phase labels; a population association at rs2814778 does not establish parentage.
10 of 14 trait SNPs are homozygous (same allele from both parents). rs12913832 (eye color) was not called on the chip.
Trait Genotypes
Selected trait-associated SNPs from local imputed and phased downloads. Imputed dosage estimates are not laboratory-confirmed genotypes. Parent-of-origin labels depend on the phasing method. A missing imputed record does not establish that a variant was redacted or absent from every source; the September review found MTHFR calls in phased files.
DNA-Confirmed Relatives
Barklee Sanders' DNA-confirmed relatives from 23andMe, organized by family branch and shown at the family level (individual living matches are withheld for privacy). Catherine Sanders' maternal line resolves to the French-Canadian Laliberté ("Liberty") family of Clinton County, New York and Québec; her exact biological parents are the primary research target.
3
DNA Matches
1
Clarence Side
2
Catherine Side
Clinton Co., NY
Research Hotspot
Clarence Sanders Line (Paternal)
Paternal line through Clarence D. Sanders Jr. (father). DNA matches on this side connect through the King family of Marion County, Florida and the Sanders family of Birmingham, Alabama.
Paternal cousins — King/Sanders line
1st–3rd cousins
Matches on Barklee's paternal side trace to the King family of Marion County, Florida and the Sanders family of Birmingham, Alabama. Individual living matches are withheld for privacy.
Catherine Sanders Line (Maternal)
Maternal line through Catherine Sanders (mother, adopted). DNA now resolves her biological maternal line to the French-Canadian LALIBERTÉ family (indexed as 'Liberty' in New York records) of Clinton County, NY (Rouses Point / Champlain corridor) and Québec. Her exact biological parents are still being researched, pending New York's pre-adoption birth certificate.
Catherine Sanders
Mother
Catherine is Barklee's mother and the root of the adopted biological line. Her biological maternal family is identified by DNA as the French-Canadian Laliberté ('Liberty') line of Clinton County, NY / Québec.
Maternal cousins — Laliberté line
1st–3rd cousins
Several 23andMe matches on Catherine's maternal side converge on the French-Canadian Laliberté family (anglicized from 'Burque dit LaLiberté'; indexed as 'Liberty' in New York records) of Clinton County, NY and Québec (Lawrenceville) / Lebanon, NH. Individual living matches are withheld for privacy.
Methodology & Privacy
Ancestry percentages are computed from base pair lengths of 219 deduplicated chromosome segments (23andMe ancestry composition version 0.5). The original 351 rows contained hierarchical labels at multiple resolution levels; only the most specific label per segment is used.
Trait genotypes are extracted from 23andMe Release 6 imputed BCF data (83.9M variants, GRCh38 reference). Imputation quality assessed via dosage confidence: 85.6% of chr1 variants are within 0.05 of an integer dosage value.
Phased genotype data separates maternal and paternal alleles at 557,633 chip-genotyped SNPs. The one-parent phased file (Nov 2022) uses a connected parent's DNA for reliable parent-of-origin assignment. Reference genome: GRCh37/hg19.
Y-DNA and mtDNA markers are extracted from the v5 Full raw genome download (631K genotyped SNPs). Haplogroup assignment requires specialized tools and is shown as pending.
DNA matches are from the 23andMe family tree export. Relationship types and branch assignments are based on the autoresearch-genealogy vault analysis.
Privacy: All genetic data on this page belongs to Barklee Sanders and is displayed with consent for educational and genealogical research purposes. No medically actionable variants (ACMG SF v2.0) are displayed. Raw genome files are not served or stored on this site.